In 1963, shortly after independence, the Touaregs of Mali rise up against their new masters. This revolt is brutally suppressed. It is followed by terrible droughts which force thousands of refugees from Mali, Niger and Libya out on the road. It's in the pain of exile that the Teshoumara is born. This movement proclaims the existence but also the necessary evolution of the Touareg people. This is when the guitars of the group Tinariwen first began to be heard.